Cement materials is very well known in our country, because it is readily available and applied in a variety of projects, large and small scale. Large projects like construction of multi storey buildings, to residential projects, typically use concrete materials. Today concrete material is the most material readily available than other materials such as wood.
Penggunaan material semen sudah dimulai sejak jaman Romawi kuno, dan saat ini penyebaran penggunaannya sudah sangat luas. Pada dasarnya, terdapat beberapa jenis semen di pasaran, untuk jenis yang paling populer dan bisa digunakan untuk konstruksi rumah tinggal, adalah jenis Ordinary Portland Cement jenis 1 dan PCC (Portland Composite Cement). Di Indonesia, terdapat standar untuk mutu semen yang baik digunakan untuk pembangunan rumah tinggal.
Berdasarkan Standar Nasional Indonesia, SNI 15-7064-2004, standar mutu semen Portland (nama semen yang populer ini), semen portland komposit dapat digunakan untuk konstruksi umum seperti:
- pekerjaan beton,
- pasangan bata,
- selokan,
- jalan,
- pagar dinding
- pembuatan elemen bangunan khusus
- beton pracetak,
- beton pratekan,
- panel beton,
- bata beton (paving block)
- dan sebagainya.
Standar tersebut dibuat oleh Badan Standardisasi Nasional (BSN) agar mutu semen yang beredar di pasaran dapat dipertanggungjawabkan. Karena itu dikemasan sak semen biasanya terdapat logo "SNI" sebagai standar mutu maupun spesifikasi semen.
Bila kita melihat dalam macam macam semen untuk bangunan, seperti Semen Portland Gresik, atau Semen Portland Tiga Roda, terdapat jenis "ORDINARY PORTLAND CEMENT TIPE I" atau jenis Portland Composite Cement (PCC), yang merupakan produk aman untuk semen rumah tinggal. Jenis-jenis lainnya adalah spesifikasi standar semen untuk proyek yang butuh semen khusus, misalnya proyek bangunan skala besar seperti jembatan, gedung bertingkat, dam, dan sebagainya, yang tentunya jenis semennya tidak sama.
Material semen merupakan bahan komposit yang biasa digabungkan dengan beton bertulang. Hal ini karena beton, yang dihasilkan dari campuran semen, agregat (pasir/kerikil), dan air akan menghasilkan beton, yang kuat untuk gaya tekan. Artinya beton adalah material untuk menahan beban yang sifatnya menekan/ tekanan. Sedangkan tulangan besi dibuat untuk menahan gaya tarik atau tarikan. Perpaduan beton dan besi tulangan ini disebut "Beton bertulang" yang kuat menahan gaya tarik dan tekan.
The use of cement materials had started since the days of ancient Rome, and now its use has spread very widely. Basically, there are several types of cement in the market, for the most popular type and can be used for residential construction, is the type of Ordinary Portland Cement type 1 and PCC (Portland Composite Cement). In Indonesia, there are standards for good quality of cement used for housing development.
Based on the Indonesian National Standard, SNI 15-7064-2004, Portland cement quality standards (the popular name of this cement), portland cement composite can be used for general construction such as:
* Concrete work,
* Masonry,
* Gutter,
* Street,
* Fence wall
* Making special building elements
* Precast concrete,
* Prestressed concrete,
* Concrete panels,
* Concrete brick (paving block)
* And so on.
The standard is created by the National Standardization Agency (BSN) to the quality of cement on the market to be accounted for. Therefore there is usually cement logo "SNI" as the standard of quality and specification of cement.
We can meed many kinds of cement for buildings, such as Portland Cement Gresik, or Portland Cement "Tiga Roda", there are types of "Portland Cement ORDINARY TYPE I" or a type of Portland Composite Cement (PCC), which is a safe product for the cement for housing projects. Other types of cement is a standard specification for projects that need special cement, such as large-scale building projects such as bridges, high rise buildings, dams, and so on, which certainly is not the same type of cement.
Cement material is a common composite materials combined with reinforced concrete. This is because concrete, which is produced from a mixture of cement, aggregate (sand / gravel), and water will produce concrete, which is strong for the pressure force. Concrete is the material means to support the weight pressure. While iron bone made to withstand tensile or pulling force. The combination of concrete and steel bone called "reinforced concrete" which can strongly hold tension and compression forces.
TABEL CAMPURAN ADUKAN DAN PLESTERAN
Pekerjaan perbandingan bahan (takaran)
semen Kapur Pasir
semen Kapur Pasir
Psangan batu kali 1 - 7-8
Pasangan batu bata 1 1 7-8
- dinding kamar mandi 1 - 3
- dinding selain kamar mandi 1 - 7-8
- dinding selain kamar mandi 1 1 7-8
pasangan batako 1 - 5
plesteran
- dinding kamar mandi 1 - 3
- dinding selain kamar mandi 1 - 7-8
- dinding selain kamar mandi 1 1 7-8
TABEL CAMPURAN BETON BERTULANG
mutu beton bahan / m³ beton
K f’c Air (Liter) OPC (Kg) Pasir (Kg) Kerikil (Kg)
K f’c Air (Liter) OPC (Kg) Pasir (Kg) Kerikil (Kg)
175 145 190 297 745 1143
225 185 190 325 716 1144
300 250 190 371 680 1134
350 290 190 402 642 1141
450 375 190 463 603 1119
500 415 190 487 577 1121
sumber tabel: Informasi Produk Semen Gresik
sumber gambar: www.bloomberg.com
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by Probo Hindarto
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